This study aimed to prepare and characterise pregelatinised sago starch as a directly compressible tablet excipient. Pregelatinised sago starch is sago starch that has been thermally modified into a pregelatinised form to be used as an excipient in direct compression tablets. In the pharmaceutical field, there has been extensive research into the utilisation of sago starch as a potential pharmaceutical excipient however, research on the application of local sago starch, specifically as a directly compressible tablet excipient, has yet to be studied. Sago starch is available abundantly in Malaysia with its main usage in food products. These aforementioned excipients are widely used as direct compression excipients in tablet formulations. For instance, corn starch has been successfully modified into a pregelatinised form and marketed as flowable and compressible starch with the commercial names Uni-pure ® DW and Uni-pure ® LD (National Starch & Chemical Co., Salisbury, NC, USA), Starch ® 1500 (Colorcon Inc., Harleysville, PA, USA) and Spress ® B820 (Grain Processing Corp., Muscatine, IA, USA). Since then, many excipients have been introduced to the pharmaceutical market as directly compressible excipients. Spray dried lactose, introduced in the early 1960s, was the first excipient designed for direct compression. Demonstrating good flowability along with high compactibility is crucial for directly compressible tablet excipients. In the formulation of paracetamol tablets, pregelatinised sago starch and Spress ® B820 performed equally well, followed by Avicel ® PH 101 as indicated in Formulations 3, 2 and 1, respectively.ĭirect compression is a preferred method in the manufacturing of tablets as it offers simplicity and cost effectiveness, where tablets are formed by compression of the powder mixtures consisting of drug(s) and directly compressible excipients. Powder bulk properties of pregelatinised sago starch and Spress ® B820 were comparable, exhibiting better flowability but lower compactibility than Avicel ® PH 101. The results showed that pregelatinisation did not affect the chemical structure of sago starch, but its degree of crystallinity reduced, and X-ray diffraction pattern changed from C-type to A-type. Its powder bulk properties and performance in the tablet formulations with paracetamol as a model drug were compared against two commercial, directly compressible excipients, namely Avicel ® PH 101 and Spress ® B820. Pregelatinised sago starch was prepared and characterised. This study investigated pregelatinised sago starch as an excipient for direct compression tablets. An excipient intended for direct compression in pharmaceutical tableting must show important features of flowability and compactibility.
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